From 24ff96e309b0674854f3c137075214b5b1ce61d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Hendriks <davidhendriks93@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 5 Oct 2022 23:59:58 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] fixing flake8 issues

---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml                       |  7 +-
 binarycpython/tests/main_with_notebooks.py    | 23 ------
 binarycpython/tests/test_c_bindings.py        | 29 +++-----
 binarycpython/tests/test_custom_logging.py    | 26 ++++---
 binarycpython/tests/test_dicts.py             | 56 +++++++--------
 binarycpython/tests/test_functions.py         | 51 +++++++-------
 binarycpython/tests/test_plot_functions.py    | 13 ++--
 binarycpython/tests/test_useful_funcs.py      | 12 ++--
 .../tests_population_extensions/test_HPC.py   | 66 ++++++++---------
 .../test_distribution_functions.py            | 42 +++++------
 .../test_grid_options_defaults.py             |  8 +--
 .../tests_population_extensions/test_slurm.py | 14 ++--
 binarycpython/utils/population_class.py       | 25 ++-----
 .../miscellaneous_functions.py                |  5 +-
 .../example_plotting_distributions.py         | 23 +++---
 examples/example_plotting_distributions.py    | 70 +++++++++++--------
 pyproject.toml                                |  2 -
 17 files changed, 226 insertions(+), 246 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100755 binarycpython/tests/main_with_notebooks.py

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 8be6a05db..c4790ffd1 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -24,4 +24,9 @@ repos:
     rev: 5.0.4
     hooks:
     -   id: flake8
-        args: ['--ignore=E129,E2,E501']
+        args: ['--ignore=E129,E2,E501,W503,E722,binarycpython/tests/main.py,docs/source/examples/']
+        exclude: |
+                    (?x)^(
+                        binarycpython/tests/main.py|
+                        docs/source/examples/example_plotting_distributions.py
+                    )$
diff --git a/binarycpython/tests/main_with_notebooks.py b/binarycpython/tests/main_with_notebooks.py
deleted file mode 100755
index 7337c6896..000000000
--- a/binarycpython/tests/main_with_notebooks.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-# /usr/bin/env python
-"""
-Main file for the tests. This file imports all the combined_test functions from all files.
-"""
-
-import unittest
-
-from binarycpython.tests.test_c_bindings import *
-from binarycpython.tests.test_custom_logging import *
-from binarycpython.tests.test_distributions import *
-from binarycpython.tests.test_functions import *
-from binarycpython.tests.test_grid import *
-from binarycpython.tests.test_hpc_functions import *
-from binarycpython.tests.test_plot_functions import *
-from binarycpython.tests.test_run_system_wrapper import *
-from binarycpython.tests.test_spacing_functions import *
-from binarycpython.tests.test_useful_funcs import *
-from binarycpython.tests.test_grid_options_defaults import *
-from binarycpython.tests.test_stellar_types import *
-from test_notebooks import *
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    unittest.main()
diff --git a/binarycpython/tests/test_c_bindings.py b/binarycpython/tests/test_c_bindings.py
index 65ddd3252..00e79191a 100644
--- a/binarycpython/tests/test_c_bindings.py
+++ b/binarycpython/tests/test_c_bindings.py
@@ -2,11 +2,6 @@
 Unittests for the c-bindings
 """
 
-import os
-import sys
-import time
-import json
-import textwrap
 import unittest
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -14,23 +9,19 @@ from binarycpython import _binary_c_bindings
 
 from binarycpython.utils.functions import (
     temp_dir,
-    verbose_print,
     is_capsule,
     Capturing,
 )
 from binarycpython.utils.ensemble import (
-    BinarycDecoder,
-    handle_ensemble_string_to_json,
     extract_ensemble_json_from_string,
 )
 from binarycpython.utils.dicts import (
-    inspect_dict,
     merge_dicts,
 )
 
-
 TMP_DIR = temp_dir("tests", "test_c_bindings")
 
+
 #### some useful functions
 def return_argstring(
     m1=15.0,
@@ -80,7 +71,7 @@ class test_run_system(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_output(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_output()
 
     def _test_output(self):
@@ -126,7 +117,7 @@ class test_return_store_memaddr(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_return_store_memaddr(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_return_store_memaddr()
 
     def _test_return_store_memaddr(self):
@@ -166,7 +157,7 @@ class test_ensemble_functions(unittest.TestCase):
         super(test_ensemble_functions, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
     def test_return_persistent_data_memaddr(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_return_persistent_data_memaddr()
 
     def _test_return_persistent_data_memaddr(self):
@@ -180,7 +171,7 @@ class test_ensemble_functions(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(is_capsule(output), msg="Object must be a capsule")
 
     def test_minimal_ensemble_output(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_minimal_ensemble_output()
 
     def _test_minimal_ensemble_output(self):
@@ -210,7 +201,7 @@ class test_ensemble_functions(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertNotEqual(test_json["number_counts"], {})
 
     def test_minimal_ensemble_output_defer(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_minimal_ensemble_output_defer()
 
     def _test_minimal_ensemble_output_defer(self):
@@ -252,7 +243,7 @@ class test_ensemble_functions(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertNotEqual(ensemble_json_output["number_counts"], {})
 
     def test_add_ensembles_direct(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_add_ensembles_direct()
 
     def _test_add_ensembles_direct(self):
@@ -317,7 +308,7 @@ class test_ensemble_functions(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
     def test_compare_added_systems_with_double_deferred_systems(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_compare_added_systems_with_double_deferred_systems()
 
     def _test_compare_added_systems_with_double_deferred_systems(self):
@@ -408,7 +399,7 @@ class test_ensemble_functions(unittest.TestCase):
             )
 
     def test_combine_with_empty_json(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_combine_with_empty_json()
 
     def _test_combine_with_empty_json(self):
@@ -438,7 +429,7 @@ class test_ensemble_functions(unittest.TestCase):
     #############
 
     def test_full_ensemble_output(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_full_ensemble_output()
 
     def _test_full_ensemble_output(self):
diff --git a/binarycpython/tests/test_custom_logging.py b/binarycpython/tests/test_custom_logging.py
index 4b30ae48d..329dd7da5 100644
--- a/binarycpython/tests/test_custom_logging.py
+++ b/binarycpython/tests/test_custom_logging.py
@@ -2,10 +2,18 @@
 Unittests for the custom_logging module
 """
 
+import os
 import unittest
 
-from binarycpython.utils.custom_logging_functions import *
-from binarycpython.utils.functions import Capturing
+from binarycpython.utils.custom_logging_functions import (
+    autogen_C_logging_code,
+    binary_c_log_code,
+    return_compilation_dict,
+    create_and_load_logging_function,
+    binary_c_write_log_code,
+    from_binary_c_config,
+)
+from binarycpython.utils.functions import Capturing, temp_dir
 
 TMP_DIR = temp_dir("tests", "test_custom_logging")
 
@@ -16,7 +24,7 @@ class test_autogen_C_logging_code(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_autogen_C_logging_code(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_autogen_C_logging_code()
         # print("\n".join(output))
 
@@ -55,7 +63,7 @@ class test_binary_c_log_code(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_binary_c_log_code(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_binary_c_log_code()
         # print("\n".join(output))
 
@@ -85,7 +93,7 @@ class test_binary_c_write_log_code(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_binary_c_write_log_code(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_binary_c_write_log_code()
         # print("\n".join(output))
 
@@ -117,7 +125,7 @@ class test_from_binary_c_config(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_from_binary_c_config(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_from_binary_c_config()
         # print("\n".join(output))
 
@@ -156,7 +164,7 @@ class test_return_compilation_dict(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_return_compilation_dict(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_return_compilation_dict()
         # print("\n".join(output))
 
@@ -179,11 +187,11 @@ class test_return_compilation_dict(unittest.TestCase):
 
 class test_create_and_load_logging_function(unittest.TestCase):
     """
-    Unit test for return_compilation_dict
+    Unit test for create_and_load_logging_function
     """
 
     def test_create_and_load_logging_function(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_create_and_load_logging_function()
         # print("\n".join(output))
 
diff --git a/binarycpython/tests/test_dicts.py b/binarycpython/tests/test_dicts.py
index 8d12b7caa..d321fde12 100644
--- a/binarycpython/tests/test_dicts.py
+++ b/binarycpython/tests/test_dicts.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class test_merge_dicts(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_empty(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_empty()
 
     def _test_empty(self):
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class test_merge_dicts(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(output_dict == input_dict)
 
     def test_unequal_types(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_unequal_types()
 
     def _test_unequal_types(self):
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class test_merge_dicts(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, merge_dicts, dict_1, dict_2)
 
     def test_bools(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_bools()
 
     def _test_bools(self):
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class test_merge_dicts(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(output_dict["int"], 3)
 
     def test_floats(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_floats()
 
     def _test_floats(self):
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class test_merge_dicts(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(output_dict["float"], 9.1)
 
     def test_lists(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_lists()
 
     def _test_lists(self):
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class test_merge_dicts(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
     def test_unsupported(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_unsupported()
 
     def _test_unsupported(self):
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class test_setopts(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_setopts(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_setopts()
 
     def _test_setopts(self):
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ class test_inspect_dict(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_compare_dict(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_compare_dict()
 
     def _test_compare_dict(self):
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ class test_inspect_dict(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(compare_dict == output_dict)
 
     def test_compare_dict_with_print(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_compare_dict_with_print()
 
     def _test_compare_dict_with_print(self):
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ class test_custom_sort_dict(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_custom_sort_dict(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_custom_sort_dict()
 
     def _test_custom_sort_dict(self):
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ class test_filter_dict(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_filter_dict(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_filter_dict()
 
     def _test_filter_dict(self):
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ class test_filter_dict_through_values(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_filter_dict_through_values(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_filter_dict_through_values()
 
     def _test_filter_dict_through_values(self):
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ class test_prepare_dict(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_prepare_dict(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_prepare_dict()
 
     def _test_prepare_dict(self):
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ class test_normalize_dict(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_normalize_dict(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_normalize_dict()
 
     def _test_normalize_dict(self):
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ class test_multiply_values_dict(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_multiply_values_dict(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_multiply_values_dict()
 
     def _test_multiply_values_dict(self):
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ class test_count_keys_recursive(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_count_keys_recursive(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_count_keys_recursive()
 
     def _test_count_keys_recursive(self):
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ class test_keys_to_floats(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_keys_to_floats(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_keys_to_floats()
 
     def _test_keys_to_floats(self):
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ class test_recursive_change_key_to_float(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_recursive_change_key_to_float(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_recursive_change_key_to_float()
 
     def _test_recursive_change_key_to_float(self):
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ class test_recursive_change_key_to_string(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_recursive_change_key_to_string(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_recursive_change_key_to_string()
 
     def _test_recursive_change_key_to_string(self):
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ class test_multiply_float_values(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_multiply_float_values(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_multiply_float_values()
 
     def _test_multiply_float_values(self):
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ class test_subtract_dicts(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_empty(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_empty()
 
     def _test_empty(self):
@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ class test_subtract_dicts(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(output_dict == input_dict)
 
     def test_unequal_types(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_unequal_types()
 
     def _test_unequal_types(self):
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ class test_subtract_dicts(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(output_dict["int"], 1)
 
     def test_floats(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_floats()
 
     def _test_floats(self):
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ class test_subtract_dicts(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertAlmostEqual(output_dict["float"], -0.1, 2)
 
     def test_zero_result(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_zero_result()
 
     def _test_zero_result(self):
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ class test_subtract_dicts(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertFalse(output_dict)
 
     def test_unsupported(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_unsupported()
 
     def _test_unsupported(self):
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ class test_update_dicts(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(output_dict["dict"], {"a": 2, "b": 1, "c": 2})
 
     def test_unsupported(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_unsupported()
 
     def _test_unsupported(self):
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ class test__nested_get(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test__nested_get(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test__nested_get()
 
     def _test__nested_get(self):
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ class test__nested_set(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test__nested_set(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test__nested_set()
 
     def _test__nested_set(self):
diff --git a/binarycpython/tests/test_functions.py b/binarycpython/tests/test_functions.py
index 364ce9b47..6d1f80f9d 100644
--- a/binarycpython/tests/test_functions.py
+++ b/binarycpython/tests/test_functions.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class test_verbose_print(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_print(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_print()
 
     def _test_print(self):
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class test_verbose_print(unittest.TestCase):
         verbose_print("test1", 1, 0)
 
     def test_not_print(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_not_print()
 
     def _test_not_print(self):
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class test_temp_dir(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_create_temp_dir(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_create_temp_dir()
 
     def _test_create_temp_dir(self):
@@ -103,7 +103,6 @@ class test_temp_dir(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # Get username
         username = get_username()
-        dirname = "binary_c_python-{}".format(username)
 
         #
         self.assertTrue(
@@ -122,7 +121,7 @@ class test_remove_file(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_remove_file(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_remove_file()
 
     def _test_remove_file(self):
@@ -136,7 +135,7 @@ class test_remove_file(unittest.TestCase):
         remove_file(os.path.join(TMP_DIR, "test_remove_file_file.txt"))
 
     def test_remove_nonexisting_file(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_remove_nonexisting_file()
 
     def _test_remove_nonexisting_file(self):
@@ -155,7 +154,7 @@ class test_create_hdf5(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_1(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_1()
 
     def _test_1(self):
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ class test_output_lines(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_1(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_1()
 
     def _test_1(self):
@@ -215,7 +214,7 @@ class test_example_parse_output(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_normal_output(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_normal_output()
 
     def _test_normal_output(self):
@@ -248,7 +247,7 @@ class test_example_parse_output(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(len(parsed_output["time"]) > 0)
 
     def test_mismatch_output(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_mismatch_output()
 
     def _test_mismatch_output(self):
@@ -283,7 +282,7 @@ class test_get_defaults(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_no_filter(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_no_filter()
 
     def _test_no_filter(self):
@@ -300,10 +299,10 @@ class test_get_defaults(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIn("use_fixed_timestep_%d", output_1.keys())
 
     def test_filter(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_filter()
 
-    def test_filter(self):
+    def _test_filter(self):
         """
         Test checking filtering works correctly
         """
@@ -324,7 +323,7 @@ class test_get_arg_keys(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_1(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_1()
 
     def _test_1(self):
@@ -347,7 +346,7 @@ class test_create_arg_string(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_default(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_default()
 
     def _test_default(self):
@@ -360,7 +359,7 @@ class test_create_arg_string(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(argstring, "separation 40000 M_1 10")
 
     def test_sort(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_sort()
 
     def _test_sort(self):
@@ -373,7 +372,7 @@ class test_create_arg_string(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(argstring, "M_1 10 separation 40000")
 
     def test_filtered(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_filtered()
 
     def _test_filtered(self):
@@ -392,7 +391,7 @@ class test_get_help(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_input_normal(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_input_normal()
 
     def _test_input_normal(self):
@@ -407,7 +406,7 @@ class test_get_help(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
     def test_no_input(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_no_input()
 
     def _test_no_input(self):
@@ -419,7 +418,7 @@ class test_get_help(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsNone(output)
 
     def test_wrong_input(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_wrong_input()
 
     def _test_wrong_input(self):
@@ -437,7 +436,7 @@ class test_get_help_all(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_all_output(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_all_output()
 
     def _test_all_output(self):
@@ -467,7 +466,7 @@ class test_get_help_super(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_all_output(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_all_output()
 
     def _test_all_output(self):
@@ -497,7 +496,7 @@ class test_make_build_text(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_output(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_output()
 
     def _test_output(self):
@@ -527,7 +526,7 @@ class test_write_binary_c_parameter_descriptions_to_rst_file(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_bad_outputname(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_bad_outputname()
 
     def _test_bad_outputname(self):
@@ -544,7 +543,7 @@ class test_write_binary_c_parameter_descriptions_to_rst_file(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
     def test_checkfile(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_checkfile()
 
     def _test_checkfile(self):
@@ -556,7 +555,7 @@ class test_write_binary_c_parameter_descriptions_to_rst_file(unittest.TestCase):
             TMP_DIR,
             "test_write_binary_c_parameter_descriptions_to_rst_file_test_1.rst",
         )
-        output_1 = write_binary_c_parameter_descriptions_to_rst_file(output_name)
+        _ = write_binary_c_parameter_descriptions_to_rst_file(output_name)
         self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(output_name))
 
 
diff --git a/binarycpython/tests/test_plot_functions.py b/binarycpython/tests/test_plot_functions.py
index 34c730fe0..e2940174d 100644
--- a/binarycpython/tests/test_plot_functions.py
+++ b/binarycpython/tests/test_plot_functions.py
@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@ Unittests for plot_functions
 """
 
 import unittest
-import numpy as np
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
-from binarycpython.utils.plot_functions import *
+from binarycpython.utils.plot_functions import color_by_index, plot_system
 from binarycpython.utils.functions import Capturing
 
 
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ class test_color_by_index(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_1(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_1()
 
     def _test_1(self):
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ class test_plot_system(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_mass_evolution_plot(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_mass_evolution_plot()
 
     def _test_mass_evolution_plot(self):
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ class test_plot_system(unittest.TestCase):
         # output_fig_2 = plot_system(plot_type, show_plot=show_plot, M_1=1, metallicity=0.002, M_2=0.1, separation=0, orbital_period=100000000000)
 
     def test_orbit_evolution_plot(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_orbit_evolution_plot()
 
     def _test_orbit_evolution_plot(self):
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ class test_plot_system(unittest.TestCase):
         # output_fig_2 = plot_system(plot_type, show_plot=show_plot, M_1=1, metallicity=0.002, M_2=0.1, separation=0, orbital_period=100000000000)
 
     def test_hr_diagram_plot(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_hr_diagram_plot()
 
     def _test_hr_diagram_plot(self):
@@ -147,7 +146,7 @@ class test_plot_system(unittest.TestCase):
         # output_fig_2 = plot_system(plot_type, show_plot=show_plot, M_1=1, metallicity=0.002, M_2=0.1, separation=0, orbital_period=100000000000)
 
     def test_unknown_plottype(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_unknown_plottype()
 
     def _test_unknown_plottype(self):
diff --git a/binarycpython/tests/test_useful_funcs.py b/binarycpython/tests/test_useful_funcs.py
index 1c1ed5709..c70357467 100644
--- a/binarycpython/tests/test_useful_funcs.py
+++ b/binarycpython/tests/test_useful_funcs.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class test_calc_period_from_sep(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_1(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_1()
 
     def _test_1(self):
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class test_calc_sep_from_period(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_1(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_1()
 
     def _test_1(self):
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class test_roche_lobe(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_1(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_1()
 
     def _test_1(self):
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class test_ragb(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_1(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_1()
 
     def _test_1(self):
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class test_rzams(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_1(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_1()
 
     def _test_1(self):
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class test_zams_collission(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_1(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_1()
 
     def _test_1(self):
diff --git a/binarycpython/tests/tests_population_extensions/test_HPC.py b/binarycpython/tests/tests_population_extensions/test_HPC.py
index 95c9a000d..a5c657c5b 100644
--- a/binarycpython/tests/tests_population_extensions/test_HPC.py
+++ b/binarycpython/tests/tests_population_extensions/test_HPC.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class test_HPC_njobs(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_condor(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_condor()
 
     def _test_condor(self):
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class test_HPC_njobs(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(result_condor, 10)
 
     def test_slurm(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_slurm()
 
     def _test_slurm(self):
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class test_HPC_njobs(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(result_slurm, 11)
 
     def test_none(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_none()
 
     def _test_none(self):
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class test_HPC_job(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_HPC_job(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_HPC_job()
 
     def _test_HPC_job(self):
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class test_HPC_job_type(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_condor(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_condor()
 
     def _test_condor(self):
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class test_HPC_job_type(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(result_condor, "condor")
 
     def test_slurm(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_slurm()
 
     def _test_slurm(self):
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class test_HPC_job_type(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(result_slurm, "slurm")
 
     def test_none(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_none()
 
     def _test_none(self):
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class test_HPC_jobID(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_condor(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_condor()
 
     def _test_condor(self):
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class test_HPC_jobID(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
     def test_slurm(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_slurm()
 
     def _test_slurm(self):
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class test_HPC_jobID(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
     def test_none(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_none()
 
     def _test_none(self):
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class test_HPC_jobID_tuple(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_condor(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_condor()
 
     def _test_condor(self):
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ class test_HPC_jobID_tuple(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(condor_pop.HPC_jobID_tuple(), ("2", "3"))
 
     def test_slurm(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_slurm()
 
     def _test_slurm(self):
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ class test_HPC_jobID_tuple(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(slurm_pop.HPC_jobID_tuple(), ("4", "5"))
 
     def test_none(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_none()
 
     def _test_none(self):
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ class test_HPC_dirs(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_condor(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_condor()
 
     def _test_condor(self):
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ class test_HPC_dirs(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(condor_pop.HPC_dirs(), ["condor_dir"])
 
     def test_slurm(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_slurm()
 
     def _test_slurm(self):
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ class test_HPC_dirs(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(slurm_pop.HPC_dirs(), ["slurm_dir"])
 
     def test_none(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_none()
 
     def _test_none(self):
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ class test_HPC_id_filename(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_condor(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_condor()
 
     def _test_condor(self):
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ class test_HPC_id_filename(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(condor_pop.HPC_id_filename(), "ClusterID")
 
     def test_slurm(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_slurm()
 
     def _test_slurm(self):
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ class test_HPC_id_filename(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(slurm_pop.HPC_id_filename(), "jobid")
 
     def test_none(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_none()
 
     def _test_none(self):
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ class test_HPC_check_requirements(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_condor(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_condor()
 
     def _test_condor(self):
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ class test_HPC_check_requirements(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(len(result_2[1]) == 0)
 
     def test_slurm(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_slurm()
 
     def _test_slurm(self):
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ class test_HPC_check_requirements(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(len(result_2[1]) == 0)
 
     def test_none(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_none()
 
     def _test_none(self):
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ class test_HPC_set_status(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_condor(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_condor()
 
     def _test_condor(self):
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ class test_HPC_set_status(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(content_file == "test_set_condor_status")
 
     def test_slurm(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_slurm()
 
     def _test_slurm(self):
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ class test_HPC_get_status(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_condor(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_condor()
 
     def _test_condor(self):
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ class test_HPC_get_status(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(status, "test_get_condor_status")
 
     def test_slurm(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_slurm()
 
     def _test_slurm(self):
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ class test_HPC_job_task(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_condor(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_condor()
 
     def _test_condor(self):
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ class test_HPC_job_task(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(job_task, 1)
 
     def test_slurm(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_slurm()
 
     def _test_slurm(self):
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ class test_HPC_dir(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_condor(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_condor()
 
     def _test_condor(self):
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ class test_HPC_dir(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(condor_pop.HPC_dir(), os.path.join(TMP_DIR, "condor"))
 
     def test_slurm(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_slurm()
 
     def _test_slurm(self):
@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ class test_HPC_dir(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(slurm_pop.HPC_dir(), os.path.join(TMP_DIR, "slurm"))
 
     def test_none(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_slurm()
 
     def _test_none(self):
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ class test_HPC_id_from_dir(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_condor(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_condor()
 
     def _test_condor(self):
@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ class test_HPC_id_from_dir(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(id_from_dir.strip(), str(2))
 
     def test_slurm(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_slurm()
 
     def _test_slurm(self):
diff --git a/binarycpython/tests/tests_population_extensions/test_distribution_functions.py b/binarycpython/tests/tests_population_extensions/test_distribution_functions.py
index 602df5ef3..57c21a7f5 100644
--- a/binarycpython/tests/tests_population_extensions/test_distribution_functions.py
+++ b/binarycpython/tests/tests_population_extensions/test_distribution_functions.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ import numpy as np
 from binarycpython.utils.useful_funcs import calc_sep_from_period
 from binarycpython.utils.functions import Capturing, temp_dir
 
-from binarycpython.utils.grid import Population
+from binarycpython import Population
 
 TMP_DIR = temp_dir("tests", "test_distributions")
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class test_flat(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_flat(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_flat()
 
     def _test_flat(self):
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class test_number(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_number(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_number()
 
     def _test_number(self):
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class test_const_distribution(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_const_distribution(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_const_distribution()
 
     def _test_const_distribution(self):
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class test_powerlaw(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_powerlaw(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_powerlaw()
 
     def _test_powerlaw(self):
@@ -156,7 +156,9 @@ class test_powerlaw(unittest.TestCase):
             msg = "Error: Value perl: {} Value python: {} for mass, per: {}".format(
                 perl_results[i], python_results[i], str(input_lists[i])
             )
-            self.assertLess(np.abs(python_results[i] - perl_results[i]), TOLERANCE)
+            self.assertLess(
+                np.abs(python_results[i] - perl_results[i]), TOLERANCE, msg=msg
+            )
 
         # extra test for k = -1
         self.assertRaises(
@@ -170,7 +172,7 @@ class test_three_part_power_law(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_three_part_power_law(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_three_part_power_law()
 
     def _test_three_part_power_law(self):
@@ -225,7 +227,7 @@ class test_Kroupa2001(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_Kroupa2001(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_Kroupa2001()
 
     def _test_Kroupa2001(self):
@@ -274,7 +276,7 @@ class test_ktg93(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_ktg93(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_ktg93()
 
     def _test_ktg93(self):
@@ -323,7 +325,7 @@ class test_imf_tinsley1980(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_imf_tinsley1980(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_imf_tinsley1980()
 
     def _test_imf_tinsley1980(self):
@@ -348,7 +350,7 @@ class test_imf_scalo1986(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_imf_scalo1986(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_imf_scalo1986()
 
     def _test_imf_scalo1986(self):
@@ -373,7 +375,7 @@ class test_imf_scalo1998(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_imf_scalo1998(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_imf_scalo1998()
 
     def _test_imf_scalo1998(self):
@@ -398,7 +400,7 @@ class test_imf_chabrier2003(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_imf_chabrier2003(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_imf_chabrier2003()
 
     def _test_imf_chabrier2003(self):
@@ -444,7 +446,7 @@ class test_duquennoy1991(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_duquennoy1991(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_duquennoy1991()
 
     def _test_duquennoy1991(self):
@@ -466,7 +468,7 @@ class test_gaussian(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_gaussian(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_gaussian()
 
     def _test_gaussian(self):
@@ -515,7 +517,7 @@ class test_Arenou2010_binary_fraction(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_Arenou2010_binary_fraction(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_Arenou2010_binary_fraction()
 
     def _test_Arenou2010_binary_fraction(self):
@@ -558,7 +560,7 @@ class test_raghavan2010_binary_fraction(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_raghavan2010_binary_fraction(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_raghavan2010_binary_fraction()
 
     def _test_raghavan2010_binary_fraction(self):
@@ -594,7 +596,7 @@ class test_Izzard2012_period_distribution(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_Izzard2012_period_distribution(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_Izzard2012_period_distribution()
 
     def _test_Izzard2012_period_distribution(self):
@@ -669,7 +671,7 @@ class test_flatsections(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_flatsections(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_flatsections()
 
     def _test_flatsections(self):
@@ -714,7 +716,7 @@ class test_sana12(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_sana12(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_sana12()
 
     def _test_sana12(self):
diff --git a/binarycpython/tests/tests_population_extensions/test_grid_options_defaults.py b/binarycpython/tests/tests_population_extensions/test_grid_options_defaults.py
index 773958294..22ab71a4b 100644
--- a/binarycpython/tests/tests_population_extensions/test_grid_options_defaults.py
+++ b/binarycpython/tests/tests_population_extensions/test_grid_options_defaults.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from binarycpython.utils.functions import (
     temp_dir,
     Capturing,
 )
-from binarycpython.utils.grid import Population
+from binarycpython import Population
 
 TMP_DIR = temp_dir("tests", "test_grid_options_defaults")
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class test_grid_options_help(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_grid_options_help(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_grid_options_help()
 
     def _test_grid_options_help(self):
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class test_grid_options_description_checker(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_grid_options_description_checker(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_grid_options_description_checker()
 
     def _test_grid_options_description_checker(self):
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class test_write_grid_options_to_rst_file(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_write_grid_options_to_rst_file(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_write_grid_options_to_rst_file()
 
     def _test_write_grid_options_to_rst_file(self):
diff --git a/binarycpython/tests/tests_population_extensions/test_slurm.py b/binarycpython/tests/tests_population_extensions/test_slurm.py
index 73e145476..8f11be1c9 100644
--- a/binarycpython/tests/tests_population_extensions/test_slurm.py
+++ b/binarycpython/tests/tests_population_extensions/test_slurm.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class test_slurmID(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_slurmID(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_slurmID()
 
     def _test_slurmID(self):
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class test_slurm_dirs(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_slurm_dirs(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_slurm_dirs()
 
     def _test_slurm_dirs(self):
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class test_slurm_check_requirements(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_slurm_check_requirements(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_slurm_check_requirements()
 
     def _test_slurm_check_requirements(self):
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class test_set_slurm_status(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_set_slurm_status(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_set_slurm_status()
 
     def _test_set_slurm_status(self):
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class test_get_slurm_status(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_get_slurm_status(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_get_slurm_status()
 
     def _test_get_slurm_status(self):
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class test_slurm_outfile(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_slurm_outfile(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_slurm_outfile()
 
     def _test_slurm_outfile(self):
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ class test_make_slurm_dirs(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def test_make_slurm_dirs(self):
-        with Capturing() as output:
+        with Capturing() as _:
             self._test_make_slurm_dirs()
 
     def _test_make_slurm_dirs(self):
diff --git a/binarycpython/utils/population_class.py b/binarycpython/utils/population_class.py
index 88409e039..ebfb08d19 100644
--- a/binarycpython/utils/population_class.py
+++ b/binarycpython/utils/population_class.py
@@ -14,13 +14,15 @@ Tasks:
     - TODO: Some of the methods that we have defined in the (mixin) class are designed to be used as a portal to information (return_binary_c_version_info for example.) The current design is that they are all instance methods, but that is not always necessary. We can decorate them with @staticmethod, or @classmethod to make it easier to use them (https://realpython.com/instance-class-and-static-methods-demystified/)
 """
 
+import os
 import sys
 import time
 import uuid
 import copy
 import json
 import multiprocessing
-import os
+
+from colorama import init as colorama_init
 
 from binarycpython.utils.functions import (
     check_if_in_shell,
@@ -28,16 +30,9 @@ from binarycpython.utils.functions import (
     get_ANSI_colours,
     get_defaults,
     mem_use,
-    now,
     hostnames,
-    calculate_total_mass_system,
-)
-from binarycpython.utils.ensemble import (
-    binaryc_json_serializer,
-    extract_ensemble_json_from_string,
-    format_ensemble_results,
 )
-from binarycpython.utils.dicts import AutoVivificationDict, merge_dicts, keys_to_floats
+from binarycpython.utils.dicts import AutoVivificationDict
 
 # Class extensions
 from binarycpython.utils.population_extensions.analytics import analytics
@@ -98,14 +93,6 @@ from binarycpython.utils.population_extensions.failing_systems_functions import
 from binarycpython.utils.ensemble import new_grid_ensemble_results
 
 
-from binarycpython import _binary_c_bindings
-from collections import (
-    OrderedDict,
-)
-from collections.abc import Iterable  # drop `.abc` with Python 2.7 or lower
-from colorama import init as colorama_init
-from typing import Union, Any
-
 # Initialise colorama
 colorama_init()
 
@@ -409,8 +396,8 @@ class Population(
             os.makedirs(path, exist_ok=True)
             if self.dir_ok(path) is False:
                 print(
-                    "Failed to make directory at {log_args_dir} for output of system arguments. Please check that this directory is correct and you have write access.".format(
-                        subdir=subdir, path=path
+                    "Failed to make directory at {path} for output of system arguments. Please check that this directory is correct and you have write access.".format(
+                        path=path
                     )
                 )
                 self.exit(code=1)
diff --git a/binarycpython/utils/population_extensions/miscellaneous_functions.py b/binarycpython/utils/population_extensions/miscellaneous_functions.py
index b3b3138c7..a3b35e72d 100644
--- a/binarycpython/utils/population_extensions/miscellaneous_functions.py
+++ b/binarycpython/utils/population_extensions/miscellaneous_functions.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ Main script to provide some extra miscellaneous functions that are not part of a
 """
 
 # pylint: disable=E1101
+import sys
+import psutil
+import binarycpython
 
 
 class miscellaneous_functions:
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ class miscellaneous_functions:
         match the current hostname or "default", if so use the
         corresponding value for the current machine.
         """
-        hostnameslist = self.my_hostnames()
+
         new_cmdline_args = None
 
         # loop over list of cmdline args
diff --git a/docs/source/examples/example_plotting_distributions.py b/docs/source/examples/example_plotting_distributions.py
index 5f27961b6..d34c43736 100644
--- a/docs/source/examples/example_plotting_distributions.py
+++ b/docs/source/examples/example_plotting_distributions.py
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ def plot_mass_distributions():
 
 
 def plot_binary_fraction_distributions():
+    mass_values = np.arange(0.11, 80, 0.1)
+
     arenou_binary_distibution = [
         Arenou2010_binary_fraction(mass) for mass in mass_values
     ]
@@ -220,19 +222,20 @@ def plot_period_distributions():
     plt.show()
 
 
-plot_period_distributions()
 ################################################
 # Sampling part of distribution and calculating probability ratio
 ################################################
 
 # TODO show the difference between sampling over the full range, or taking a smaller range initially and compensating for it.
 
-
-# val = Izzard2012_period_distribution(1000, 10)
-# print(val)
-# val2 = Izzard2012_period_distribution(100, 10)
-# print(val2)
-
-
-# from binarycpython.utils.distribution_functions import (interpolate_in_mass_izzard2012)
-# # print(interpolate_in_mass_izzard2012(15, 0.3, -1))
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    plot_mass_distributions()
+    plot_binary_fraction_distributions()
+    plot_mass_ratio_distributions()
+    plot_period_distributions()
+    plot_period_distributions()
+
+    # val = Izzard2012_period_distribution(1000, 10)
+    # print(val)
+    # val2 = Izzard2012_period_distribution(100, 10)
+    # print(val2)
diff --git a/examples/example_plotting_distributions.py b/examples/example_plotting_distributions.py
index 5f27961b6..45c8b02b1 100644
--- a/examples/example_plotting_distributions.py
+++ b/examples/example_plotting_distributions.py
@@ -3,26 +3,30 @@ import math
 import numpy as np
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
-from binarycpython.utils.distribution_functions import (
-    three_part_powerlaw,
-    Kroupa2001,
-    Arenou2010_binary_fraction,
-    raghavan2010_binary_fraction,
-    imf_scalo1998,
-    imf_scalo1986,
-    imf_tinsley1980,
-    imf_scalo1998,
-    imf_chabrier2003,
-    flatsections,
-    duquennoy1991,
-    sana12,
-    Izzard2012_period_distribution,
-)
+from binarycpython import Population
+
+# from binarycpython.utils.distribution_functions import (
+#     three_part_powerlaw,
+#     Kroupa2001,
+#     Arenou2010_binary_fraction,
+#     raghavan2010_binary_fraction,
+#     imf_scalo1998,
+#     imf_scalo1986,
+#     imf_tinsley1980,
+#     imf_scalo1998,
+#     imf_chabrier2003,
+#     flatsections,
+#     duquennoy1991,
+#     sana12,
+#     Izzard2012_period_distribution,
+# )
 from binarycpython.utils.useful_funcs import calc_sep_from_period
 
 ################################################
 # Example script to plot the available probability distributions.
-# TODO:
+
+distribution_pop = Population()
+
 
 ################################################
 # mass distribution plots
@@ -32,11 +36,11 @@ from binarycpython.utils.useful_funcs import calc_sep_from_period
 def plot_mass_distributions():
     mass_values = np.arange(0.11, 80, 0.1)
 
-    kroupa_probability = [Kroupa2001(mass) for mass in mass_values]
-    scalo1986 = [imf_scalo1986(mass) for mass in mass_values]
-    tinsley1980 = [imf_tinsley1980(mass) for mass in mass_values]
-    scalo1998 = [imf_scalo1998(mass) for mass in mass_values]
-    chabrier2003 = [imf_chabrier2003(mass) for mass in mass_values]
+    kroupa_probability = [distribution_pop.Kroupa2001(mass) for mass in mass_values]
+    scalo1986 = [distribution_pop.imf_scalo1986(mass) for mass in mass_values]
+    tinsley1980 = [distribution_pop.imf_tinsley1980(mass) for mass in mass_values]
+    scalo1998 = [distribution_pop.imf_scalo1998(mass) for mass in mass_values]
+    chabrier2003 = [distribution_pop.mf_chabrier2003(mass) for mass in mass_values]
 
     plt.plot(mass_values, kroupa_probability, label="Kroupa")
     plt.plot(mass_values, scalo1986, label="scalo1986")
@@ -60,11 +64,13 @@ def plot_mass_distributions():
 
 
 def plot_binary_fraction_distributions():
+    mass_values = np.arange(0.11, 80, 0.1)
+
     arenou_binary_distibution = [
-        Arenou2010_binary_fraction(mass) for mass in mass_values
+        distribution_pop.Arenou2010_binary_fraction(mass) for mass in mass_values
     ]
     raghavan2010_binary_distribution = [
-        raghavan2010_binary_fraction(mass) for mass in mass_values
+        distribution_pop.raghavan2010_binary_fraction(mass) for mass in mass_values
     ]
 
     plt.plot(mass_values, arenou_binary_distibution, label="arenou 2010")
@@ -88,7 +94,7 @@ def plot_mass_ratio_distributions():
     mass_ratios = np.arange(0, 1, 0.01)
     example_mass = 2
     flat_dist = [
-        flatsections(
+        distribution_pop.flatsections(
             q,
             opts=[
                 {"min": 0.1 / example_mass, "max": 0.8, "height": 1},
@@ -114,7 +120,9 @@ def plot_mass_ratio_distributions():
 
 def plot_period_distributions():
     logperiod_values = np.arange(-2, 12, 0.1)
-    duquennoy1991_distribution = [duquennoy1991(logper) for logper in logperiod_values]
+    duquennoy1991_distribution = [
+        distribution_pop.duquennoy1991(logper) for logper in logperiod_values
+    ]
 
     # Sana12 distributions
     period_min = 10**0.15
@@ -123,7 +131,7 @@ def plot_period_distributions():
     m1 = 20
     m2 = 15
     sana12_distribution_q05 = [
-        sana12(
+        distribution_pop.sana12(
             m1,
             m2,
             calc_sep_from_period(m1, m2, 10**logper),
@@ -140,7 +148,7 @@ def plot_period_distributions():
     m1 = 30
     m2 = 1
     sana12_distribution_q0033 = [
-        sana12(
+        distribution_pop.sana12(
             m1,
             m2,
             calc_sep_from_period(m1, m2, 10**logper),
@@ -157,7 +165,7 @@ def plot_period_distributions():
     m1 = 30
     m2 = 3
     sana12_distribution_q01 = [
-        sana12(
+        distribution_pop.sana12(
             m1,
             m2,
             calc_sep_from_period(m1, m2, 10**logper),
@@ -174,7 +182,7 @@ def plot_period_distributions():
     m1 = 30
     m2 = 30
     sana12_distribution_q1 = [
-        sana12(
+        distribution_pop.sana12(
             m1,
             m2,
             calc_sep_from_period(m1, m2, 10**logper),
@@ -189,11 +197,11 @@ def plot_period_distributions():
     ]
 
     Izzard2012_period_distribution_10 = [
-        Izzard2012_period_distribution(10**logperiod, 10)
+        distribution_pop.Izzard2012_period_distribution(10**logperiod, 10)
         for logperiod in logperiod_values
     ]
     Izzard2012_period_distribution_20 = [
-        Izzard2012_period_distribution(10**logperiod, 20)
+        distribution_pop.Izzard2012_period_distribution(10**logperiod, 20)
         for logperiod in logperiod_values
     ]
 
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index dbcec3275..44a941414 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ extend-exclude = '''
 [tool.flake8]
 max-line-length = 89
 max-complexity = 18
-select = B,C,E,F,W,T4,B9
-
 
 
 [tool.coverage]
-- 
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